Maize
Genetics Cooperation Newsletter 80. 2006.
Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University
Bacterial
stalk rot caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi
pv. Zeae (Sabet,1954) victoria is
a challenging problem and the most destructive disease of maize in the outer
Shivaliks of the northwestern Himalayas, covering states like Himachal Pradesh,
Uttaranchal, Jammu & Kashmir and adjoining plain areas of states such as
Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, etc. The disease causes
losses in maize production in many southeast Asian countries also. The
disease was first reported by Prasad in 1930, but its importance was first
realized in 1969, when a severe outbreak occurred in the Bahl valley of the
Mandi district in Himachal Pradesh, India. Keeping in view the
importance and seriousness of the disease, the present investigations were
undertaken to find a stable source of resistance against the malady. Resistant
varieties are needed as the most acceptable solution to avoid this major cause
of loss in yield. Out of forty inbreds evaluated, none was found to be
immune: one inbred (DKI-9770) was highly resistant (<10% incidence);
fourteen inbreds were resistant (10-20% incidence); and the remaining
twenty-five were susceptible to Erwinia stalk rot (Table 1).
Inbred lines DKI-9770, DKI-9712,
DKI-9740,
Table 1. Grouping of various inbred lines on the basis of mean
incidence for two years of Erwinia stalk
rot under artificial inoculation.
|
Immune |
Highly Resistant (<10%) |
Resistant (10-20%) |
Susceptible (>20%) |
|
None |
1 *DKI-9770 (8.1) |
14 *DKI-9712(19.6) *DKI-9740 (15.6) DKI-111(19.8) *DKI-9555 (15.5) DKI-159 (19.3) DKI-9727 (10.1) DKI-9746 (15.5) *DKI-9560 (16.9) DKI-9764 (20.0) Pob 33-5-Amar (17.2) Pob-27 (Htr) (19.0) *94144-Farakkba (10.9) *CM-113 (12.7) *DMR-sr.5 (19.5) |
25 |
*inbreds showing resistance during
both years
Figure in parentheses is the mean
ESR incidence
DKI-9555, DKI-9727, DKI-9560, 94140-Farakkaba and CM-113 were
found to be consistent in their reaction in both years of evaluation, and thus
can be a stable source of resistance against ESR. Disease spread in many
lines was found to be at variance from the ESR percent incidence (Table 2). It
was observed that the spread of rot occurred sometimes in the major part of the
inoculated node but without affecting the rind or vice versa. Thind
and Payak (1978) reported resistance in CM-104 (white), CM-104,
Table 2. Mean performance of various traits in resistant inbreds.
|
Sr. No. |
Entries |
Days to husk browning |
Plant height (cm) |
Cob height (cm) |
ESR spread (1-5) |
Grain yield (q/ha) |
|
1 |
94144-Farakkaba |
87.7 |
209.6 |
102.5 |
3.5 |
18.9 |
|
2 |
CM-113 |
84.3 |
206.6 |
105.6 |
2.1 |
38.1 |
|
3 |
DKI-111 |
85.0 |
144.2 |
71.8 |
2.7 |
35.5 |
|
4 |
DKI-159 |
85.0 |
194.0 |
93.4 |
2.7 |
42.8 |
|
5 |
DKI-9555 |
86.3 |
201.0 |
97.4 |
2.0 |
30.0 |
|
6 |
DKI-9560 |
82.0 |
178.5 |
88.1 |
2.9 |
32.4 |
|
7 |
DKI-9712 |
91.3 |
182.6 |
87.0 |
2.2 |
34.6 |
|
8 |
DKI-9727 |
87.7 |
172.0 |
89.7 |
3.0 |
20.2 |
|
9 |
DKI-9740 |
87.7 |
167.1 |
70.0 |
2.8 |
21.4 |
|
10 |
DKI-9746 |
86.7 |
176.4 |
87.9 |
3.5 |
26.6 |
|
11 |
DKI-9764 |
85.7 |
161.9 |
72.7 |
3.4 |
26.6 |
|
12 |
DKI-9770 |
87.0 |
163.4 |
81.6 |
2.2 |
21.2 |
|
13 |
DMR-Sr. 5 |
86.0 |
185.2 |
89.5 |
1.9 |
21.3 |
|
14 |
Pob-27(Htr.) |
90.7 |
213.8 |
106.1 |
1.7 |
19.5 |
|
15 |
Pob-33-S-Amar |
88.3 |
207.3 |
98.1 |
2.5 |
30.8 |
|
|
CD (5%) |
2.0 |
18.2 |
20.0 |
1.0 |
11.1 |
|
|
CV (%) |
1.5 |
5.9 |
13.6 |
23.3 |
22.7 |
CM-105 and CM-600 against ESR among the material screened, andthey suggested that resistance can be further upgraded by sib pollination among resistant plants in these lines. Ebron, Tolentino and Lantin (1987) reported eight lines to be resistant out of 107 maize accessions screened. Sah and Arny (1990) reported all forty-five maize cultivars evaluated to be susceptible. Data on grain yield shows that out of eight stably resistant inbreds identified above, DKI-9712 (34.6 q/ha), DKI-9555 (30 q/ha), DKI-9560 (32.4 q/ha), CM-113 (38.1 q/ha) and DKI-9764 (26.6 q/ha) have high grain yield and are thus argonomically superior (Table 2). These lines can be utilized in the breeding programme for developing hybrids after studying their combining ability. These lines are observed to have medium cob placement, except CM-113 which has tall plants (206.6 cm) and high cob placement (105.6 cm)
_________________________________________________
Please
note:
Notes submitted to the Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter may be cited only
with consent of the authors.
Return to MNL 80 on-line index.
Return to MNL index.
Return to MaizeGDB home page
____________________________________________