References (Review articles):
Fauron,CMR; Casper,M; Gao,Y; Moore,B (1995): The maize mitochondrial genome: dynamic, yet functional. Trends Genet. 11, 228-235.

Fauron,C-MR; Moore,B; Casper,M (1995): Maize as a model of higher plant mitochondrial genome plasticity. Plant Sci. 112, 11-32.

Wolstenholme,DR; Fauron,CM-R (1995): Mitochondrial genome organization. In: Advances in cellular and molecular biology of plants. The molecular biology of the plant mitochondria. Vol. 3. (Eds: Levings III,CS; Vasil,IK) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1-59.

Figure legend:
The size of each master chromosome is shown in parenthesis. All the known genes are indicated on the outside of each master circle. The repeats are represented by open boxes inside the circles, and the size of each (in kb) is indicated by a number. The integrated forms of plasmids R1 and S2 in maps NA and NB are indicated by black boxes inside the circles, as well as the chloroplast (ct) DNA integrated sequences, the size of which are indicated in kb.

 
Genes encoded by the maize mtDNA

Ribosomal RNA genes
rrn18 (18S rRNA)Chao et al. (1984)
rrn26 (26S rRNA)Dale et al. (1984)
rrn5 (5S rRNA)Chao et al. (1983)

Transfer RNA genes
trnaC(ct) (GCA)Wintz et al. (1988)
trnaD (GUC)Parks et al. (1985)
trnaE (UUC)Sangaré et al. (1989)
trnaF(ct) (GAA)Sangaré et al. (1989)
trnaH(ct) (GUG)Iams et al. (1985)
trnaK (UUU)Sangaré et al. (1989)
trnafM (CAU)Parks et al. (1984)
trnaM1(CAU)Parks et al. (1984)
trnaM2(ct) (CAU)Sangaré et al. (1989)
trnaN(ct) (GUU)Sangaré et al. (1989)
trnaP (UGC)Runeberg-Roos et al. (1987)
trnaQ (UUG)Sangaré et al. (1990)
trnaS (GCU)Wintz et al. (1988)
trnaS (UGA)Sangaré et al. (1989)
trnaW(ct) (CCA)Maréchal et al. (1985)
trnaY (GUA)Sangaré et al. (1989)

Ribosomal protein genes
rpl2Nakazono and Hirai (1993)
rpl5Fauron (unpublished)
rpl16 Hunt and Newton (1991)
rps1Gonzales et al. (1993); Fauron (unpublished)
rps3Hunt and Newton (1991)
rps10Fauron (unpublished)
rps12 Gualberto et al. (1991)
rps13Bland et al. (1986)
rps19Nakazono and Hirai (1993)

Genes for respiration
atpA Isaac et al. (1985), Braun and Levings (1985)
atp6Dewey et al. (1985)
atp9 Dewey et al. (1985)
coxIIsaac et al. (1985)
coxIIFox and Leaver (1981)
coxIIIMcCarty et al. (1988)
cob Dawson et al. (1984, 1986)
nad1Wolstenholme et al. (1993)
nad2Patell et al. (1993)
nad3Gualberto et al. (1988, 1991)
nad4Lamattina and Grienenberger(1991); Marienfeld and Newton (1994)
nad5Pereira de Souza et al. (1991)
nad6Haouzine et al. (1993)
nad7Marienfeld and Newton (1994)
nad9Lamattina et al (1993)
ccl1 (cyt c biogeneseis)Gonzalez et al. (1993)
orf240 (heme transporter)Bonnard and Grienenberger (1995)

Genes with unknown function
urf156 Gualberto et al. (1991)
urf25Dewey et al. (1986)
urf13 (in cmsT only)Dewey et al. (1986)

Gene with similarity toRNA maturase in yeast
mat-rWahleithner et al (1990); Wolstenholme et al. (1993)

References
Bland,MM; Levings III,CS; Matzinger,DF (1986): The tobacco mitochondrial ATPase subunit 9 gene is closely linked to an open reading frame for a ribosomal protein. Mol. Gen. Genet. 204, 8-16.

Bonnard,G; Grienenberger,JM (1995): A gene proposed to encode a transmembrane domain of an ABC transporter is expressed in wheat mitochondria. Mol. Gen. Genet. 246, 91-99.

Braun,CJ; Levings III,CS (1985): Nucleotide sequence of the F1-ATPase a subunit gene from maize mitochondria. Plant Physiol. 79, 571-577.

Chao,S; Sederoff,RR; Levings III,CS (1983): Partial sequence analysis of the 5S to 18S rRNA gene region of the maize mitochondrial genome. Plant Physiol. 71, 190-193.

Chao,S; Sederoff,R; Levings III,CS (1984): Nucleotide sequence and evolution of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene in maize mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 6629-6644.

Dale,RMK; Mendu,N; Ginsburg,H; Kridl,JC (1984): Sequence analysis of the maize mitochondrial 26S rRNA gene and flanking regions. Plasmid 11, 141-150.

Dawson,AJ; Hodge,TP; Isaac,PG; Leaver,CJ; Lonsdale,DM (1986): Location of the genes for cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II, apocytochrome b, a subunit of the F1 ATPase and the ribosomal RNA genes on the mitochondrial genome of maize (Zea mays L.). Curr. Genet. 10, 561-564.

Dawson,AJ; Jones,VP; Leaver,CJ (1984): The apocytochrome b gene in maize mitochondria does not contain introns and is preceded by a potential ribosome binding site. EMBO J. 3, 2107-2113.

Dewey,RE; Levings III,CS; Timothy,DH (1985): Nucleotide sequence of ATPase subunit 6 gene of maize mitochondria. Plant Physiol. 79, 914-919.

Dewey,RE; Schuster,AM; Levings III,CS; Timothy,DH (1985): Nucleotide sequence of Fo-ATPase proteolipid (subunit 9) gene of maize mitochondria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1015-1019.

Dewey,RE; Levings III,CS; Timothy,DH (1986): Novel recombinations in the maize mitochondrial genome produce a unique transcriptional unit in the Texas male-sterile cytoplasm. Cell 44, 439-449.

Fox,TD; Leaver,CJ (1981): The Zea mays mitochondrial gene coding cytochrome oxidase subunit II has an intervening sequence and does not contain TGA codons. Cell 26, 315-323.

Gonzalez,DH; Bonnard,G; Grienenberger,J-M (1993): A gene involved in the biogenesis of cytochromes is co-transcribed with a ribosomal protein gene in wheat mitochondria. Curr. Genet. 24, 248-255.

Gualberto,JM; Bonnard,G; Lamattina,L; Grienenberger,JM (1991): Expression of the wheat mitochondrial nad3-rps12 transcription unit: correlation between editing and mRNA maturation. Plant Cell 3, 1109-1120.

Gualberto,JM; Wintz,H; Weil,J-H; Grienenberger,JM (1988): The genes coding for subunit 3 of NADH dehydrogenase and maize mitochondrial protein S12 are present in the wheat and maize mitochondrial genomes and are co-transcribed. Mol. Gen. Genet. 215, 118-127.

Haouazine,N; Takvorian,A; Jubier,MF; Michel,F; Lejeune,B (1993): The nad6 gene and the exon d of nad1 are co-transcribed in wheat mitochondria. Curr. Genet. 24, 533-538.

Hunt,MD; Newton,KJ (1991): The NCS3 mutation: genetic evidence for the expression of ribosomal protein genes in Zea mays mitochondria. EMBO J. 10, 1045-1052.

Iams,PI; Heckman,JE; Sinclair,JH (1985): Sequence of histidyl tRNA, present as a chloroplast insert in mtDNA of Zea mays. Plant Mol. Biol. 4, 225-232.

Isaac,PG; Brennicke,A; Dunbar,SM; Leaver,CJ (1985): The mitochondrial genome of fertile maize (Zea mays L) contains two copies of the gene encoding the a-subunit of the F1-ATPase. Curr. Genet. 10, 321-328.

Isaac,PG; Jones,VP; Leaver,CJ (1985): The maize cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene: sequence, expression and rearrangement in cytoplasmic male sterile plants. EMBO J. 4, 1617-1623.

Lamattina,L; Gonzalez,D; Gualberto,J; Grienenberger,JM (1993): Higher plant mitochondria encode an homologue of the nuclear-encoded 30-kDa subunit of bovine mitochondrial complex I. Eur. J. Biochem. 217, 831-838.

Lamattina,L; Grienenberger,JM (1991): RNA editing of the transcript coding for subunit 4 of NADH dehydrogenase in wheat mitochondria: uneven distribution of the editing sites among the four exons. Nucleic Acids Res. 19, 3275-3282.

Maréchal,L; Guillemaut,P; Grienenberger,J-M; Jeannin,G; Weil,J-H (1985): Sequence and codon recognition of bean mitochondria and chloroplast tRNAtrp: evidence for a high degree of homology. Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 4411-4416.

Marienfeld,JR; Newton,KJ (1994): The maize NCS2 abnormal growth mutant has a chimeric nad4- nad7 mitochondrial gene and is associated with reduced complex I function. Genetics 138, 855-863.

Marienfeld,JR; Newton,KJ (1994): The nad4 gene of maize mitochondria is highly conserved. Plant Physiol. 104, 301-302.

McCarty,DM; Hehman,GL; Hauswirth,WW (1988): Nucleotide sequence of the Zea mays mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 9873.

Nakazono,M; Hirai,A (1993): Identification of the entire set of transferred chloroplast DNA sequences in the mitochondrial genome of rice. Mol. Gen. Genet. 236, 341-346.

Parks,TD; Dougherty,WG; Levings III,CS; Timothy,DH (1984): Identification of two methionine transfer RNA genes in the maize mitochondrial genome. Plant Physiol. 76, 1079-1082.

Parks,TD; Dougherty,WG; Levings III,CS; Timothy,DH (1985): Identification of an aspartate transfer RNA gene in maize mitochondrial DNA. Curr. Genet. 9, 517-519.

Patell,VM (1993): Structure and expression of the gene coding for the sub-unit 2 of NADH dehydrogenase in wheat mitochondria: cis-, trans-splicing and editing of the messenger RNA. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Strasbourg.

Pereira de Souza,A; Jubier,M-F; Delcher,E; Lancellin,D; Lejeune,B (1991): A trans-splicing model for the expression of the tripartite nad5 gene in wheat and maize mitochondria. Plant Cell 3, 1363-1378.

Runeberg-Roos,P; Grienenberger,JM; Guillemaut,P; Maréchal,L; Gruber,V; Weil,JH (1987): Localization, sequence and expression of the gene coding for tRNAPro (UGG) in plant mitochondria. Plant Mol. Biol. 9, 237-246.

Sangaré,A (1989): Etude de la structure des génes de tRNA de la mitochondrie de maïs (Zea mays) et comparaison de leur localisation dans les lignées mâle-fertile (N) et mâle-stérile (cmsT). Ph.D. Dissertation, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg.

Sangaré,A; Lonsdale,D; Weil,J-H; Grienenberger,JM (1989): Sequence analysis of the tRNATyr and tRNALys genes and evidence for the transcription of a chloroplast - like tRNAMet in maize mitochondria. Curr. Genet. 16, 195-201.

Sangaré,A; Weil,J-H; Grienenberger,JM; Fauron,CM-R; Lonsdale,D (1990): Localization and organization of tRNA genes on the mitochondrial genomes of fertile and male sterile lines of maize. Mol. Gen. Genet. 223, 224-232

Sangaré,A; Weil,J-H; Grienenberger,JM (1989): Nucleotide sequence of a maize mitochondrial tRNAGlu(UUC) gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 5837.

Sangaré,A; Weil,J-H; Grienenberger,JM (1989): Nucleotide sequence of a maize mitochondrial tRNASer(UGA) gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 7979.

Wahleithner,JA; Macfarlane,JL; Wolstenholme,DR (1990): A sequence encoding a maturase-related protein in a group II intron of a plant mitochondrial nad1 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 548-552.

Wintz,H; Grienenberger,JM; Weil,J-H; Lonsdale,DM (1988): Localization and nucleotide sequence of two tRNA genes and a tRNA pseudo-gene in the maize mitochondrial genome: evidence for the transcription of a chloroplast gene in mitochondria. Curr. Genet. 13, 247-254.

Wolstenholme,David R; Macfarlane,Jane L; Beagley,Tim C; Thomson,Christina M; Okada,Norichika A; Fauron,Christiane MR (1993): Maize mitochondrial DNA: the nad1 gene-mat-r gene complex, a maturase-related pseudogene linked to a nad2 exon, and nad gene intron relationships. In: Plant Mitochondria. (Eds: Brennicke,Axel; Kück,U) VCH, Weinheim, 151-161.

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