A series of marker genes, largely derived directly from Maize Genetics
Coop, were backcrossed over the past three decades into inbred Hi27. An
initial report of this program was presented in MGCN 46:33-37, 1972. The
inbred Hi27 was selfed 7 times in Hawaii from CM104 (India), an inbred
released in 1964 after 13 sib and 1 self generations in India from the
Colombian flint, Amarillo Theobromina (unpublished 1964 report, Cooperative
Maize Improvement Scheme, Rockefeller Foundation). It has wide tropical
adaptability and pest resistance, and enters several important tropical
hybrids (Kim et al, Proc. Corn and Sorghum Res. Conf. 29:118-133, 1974).
Our studies suggest Hi27 to be homozygous for A1 A2 b Bz C-I Pl pr r
Y p-ww (some NILs are p-wr); also for Ht1, Mv1
and Rp1-d backcrossed into it in Hawaii. Several linkages with QTLs
are apparent in these NILs, as the parents are very different; i.e., Corn
Belt dent vs. a tropical flint that is high-eared, daylength-sensitive,
and has high general resistance to many diseases and pests of maize (Brewbaker,
Logrono and Kim, Hawaii Inst. Tropical Agric. Res. Ser. 62, 1989).
| Gene | Location | # BCs | Phenotype | |||
| a1 | 3L-149.0 | 4 | colorless aleurone, green or brown plant | |||
| ad1 | 1L-108 | 7 | adherent, tassel branches adhere | |||
| ae1 | 5L-57 | 1 | amylose extender, high amylose endosperm | |||
| b1 | 2S-49 | 8 | colored plant; B (on A Pl) boosts stalk color | |||
| ba1 | 3L-102 | 3 | barren stalk | |||
| bd1 | 7L-109 | 5 | branched silkless; ear is silkless, branched | |||
| bf1 | 9L-137 | 5 | blue fluorescent | |||
| bif1 | 8-0 | 2 | barren inflorescence (Bif1); few spikelets | |||
| bk1 | 9L-82 | 6 | brittle-stalk; brittle leaves, tassels, etc. | |||
| bm1 | 5S-41 | 5 | brown midrib | |||
| bm2 | 1L-161 | 5 | brown midrib2 | |||
| bm3 | 4S-(55) | 5 | brown midrib3; low stalk lignin | |||
| bm4 | 9L-141 | 1 | similar to bm1 | |||
| br1 | 1L-81 | 5 | brachytic; not GA-responsive | |||
| br2 | 1L-(64) | 6 | brachytic2; 35% reduction | |||
| br3 | 5-(-) | 1 | like br1 | |||
| bt1 | 5L-42 | 6 | brittle endosperm (carries a2) | |||
| bt2 | 4S-67 | 6 | brittle endosperm; encodes ADPG pyroPP | |||
| bz1 | 9S-31 | 5 | bronze aleurone (modifies purple) | |||
| c1 | 9S-26 | 5 | colored aleurone | |||
| cg1 | 3S-35 | 7 | corn grass; Cg1 plants grassy | |||
| ch1 | 2L-155 | 8 | chocolate pericarp; Ch1 plants tan pericarp | |||
| cr1 | 3S-26 | 6 | crinkly leaf; plant dwarfed | |||
| ct1 | 8-(22) | 1 | compact plant; ear forked | |||
| d1 | 3S-44 | 3 | dwarf; broad leaves; GA responsive | |||
| Dt1 | 9S-(-) | 4 | dotted aleurone; regulates A1 locus, is a1/a1 | |||
| du1 | 10L-31 | 5 | dull endosperm; branching enzyme | |||
| el1 | 8L-(-) | 6 | elongate (collapsed seed, unreduced gametes) | |||
| et1 | 3L-161 | 5 | etched endosperm; virescent (lethal) seedling | |||
| f1 | 1L-86 | 4 | fine stripe; virescent seedling | |||
| fl1 | 2S-68 | 7 | floury endosperm | |||
| fl2 | 4S-39 | 8 | floury2 endosperm; high lysine | |||
| g1 | 10L-50 | 7 | golden plant; distinctive gold stalk | |||
| gl1 | 7L-36 | 4 | glossy; cuticle wax altered, water adheres | |||
| gl2 | 2S-30 | 4 | glossy2, like gl1 | |||
| gs1 | 1L-135 | 1 | green stripe, complementary to gs2 | |||
| gs2 | 2S-54 | 1 | green stripe, complementary to gs1 | |||
| gt1 | 1S-(55) | 4 | grassy tiller; long flag leaves | |||
| h1 | 3S-(49) | 3 | horny (soft) starch | |||
| ij1 | 7L-52 | 4 | iojap stripe; chloroplast defects, maternal | |||
| in1 | 7S-20 | 4 | intensifies color (aleurone) on A C R Pr | |||
| j1 | 8L-80 | 7 | japonica stripe | |||
| kn1 | 1L-133 | 3 | knotted; Kn1` with proliferations | |||
| la1 | 4S-36 | 6 | lazy; prostrate plant | |||
| lc1 | 10L-68 | 7 | red leaf (Lc1 is presumed; origin uncertain) | |||
| lg1 | 2S-11 | 6 | liguleless; ligule and auricle missing | |||
| lg2 | 3L-101 | 4 | liguleless2; less extreme than lg1 | |||
| lg3 | 3-65 | 7 | liguleless3; Lg3 liguleless, leaves concave | |||
| li1 | 10L-(33) | 1 | lineate; fine, white stripes on basal leaves | |||
| lw1 | 1L-(134) | 5 | lemon-white; white seedling, pale yellow seed | |||
| mn1 | 2S-(68) | 6 | miniature seed | |||
| ms8 | 8L-66 | 6 | male sterile8; anthers not exserted | |||
| ms10 | 10L-(45) | 5 | male sterile10; anthers not exserted | |||
| mv1 | 3-(80) | 6 | maize mosaic virus; Mv resistant | |||
| na1 | 3L-113 | 6 | nana; dwarfed c. 90%, not GA responsive | |||
| na2 | 5S-(17) | 6 | nana2; like na1 | |||
| o1 | 4L-98 | 6 | opaque endosperm | |||
| o2 | 7S-16 | 6 | opaque2endosperm; high lysine | |||
| og1 | 10S-19 | 9 | old gold stripe; Og1 striped gold/white | |||
| oy1 | 10S-15 | 6 | oil yellow; seedling yellow, stunted | |||
| p-rr | 1S-26 | 7 | p1 locus; pericarp color; red cob, seed | |||
| p-rw | 1S-26 | 7 | p1 locus; red cob, colorless pericarp | |||
| p-vv | 1S-26 | 10 | p1 locus; variegated pericarp | |||
| pg11 | 6L-38 | 1 | pale green11; duplicate locus of pg12 | |||
| pg12 | 9-61 | 1 | see pg11 | |||
| pl1 | 6L-49 | 3 | purple plant; Pl purple (on A B) | |||
| pm1 | 3L-(73) | 6 | pale midrib; plant reduced in vigor | |||
| pn1 | 7L-112 | 7 | papyrescent glumes; Pnlong papery glumes | |||
| px3 | 7L-(112) | 2 | peroxidase3; anodal, many plant tissues | |||
| py1 | 6L-69 | 6 | pigmy; dwarfed, leaves thin, streaked | |||
| r-g | 10L-64 | 3 | colorless aleurone & plant on B Pl | |||
| R | 10L-64 | 4 | (R allele) colored aleurone & plant | |||
| R-nj | 10L-64 | 6 | R-nj, navajo (blotched) red aleurone | |||
| ra2 | 3S-49 | 5 | ramosa2; tassel branched, ear irregular | |||
| rf1 | 3S-(62) | 8 | restorer; Rf restores T cytoplasm | |||
| rf4 | 8-(0) | 10 | restorer; Rf4 restores C cytoplasm | |||
| rg1 | 3L-67 | 10 | ragged leaf; Rg1 with torn leaves, dwarfed | |||
| rp1 | 10S-3 | 5 | race-specific resistance (Rp1-d) to P.sorghi | |||
| rt1 | 3S-(60) | 2 | rootless; secondary roots few or absent | |||
| sh1 | 9S-29 | 5 | shrunken endosperm; encodes sucrose syn. | |||
| sh2 | 3L-149. | 6 | shrunken2 endosperm; encodes ADPG PP | |||
| sk1 | 2S-56 | 4 | silkless; pistils abort | |||
| sl1 | 7L-50 | 6 | slashed; leaves split lengthwise | |||
| sr1 | 1S-0 | 5 | striate leaf; white streaks, semi-dwarfed | |||
| su1 | 4S-66 | 6 | sugary; debranching enzyme (two origins) | |||
| su2 | 6L-58 | 2 | sugary2 endosperm; starchy, glassy | |||
| tp1 | 7L-46 | 7 | teopod; Tp ith simple tassel, podded ears | |||
| ts2 | 1S-24 | 5 | tassel seed2; tassel silky, ear compact | |||
| ts4 | 3L-73 | 5 | tassel seed4; tassel compact, silky | |||
| ts5 | 4S-53 | 6 | tassel seed5; Ts5 tassels with some silks | |||
| ts6 | 1L-158 | 2 | tassel seed6; Ts6 tassels silky, compact | |||
| tu1 | 4L-101 | 10 | tunicate; Tu1 kernels in long glumes | |||
| v2 | 5L-107 | 1 | virescent; yellow-white, greens slowly | |||
| v4 | 2L-83 | 5 | virescent4; greens slowly (carries fl) | |||
| v5 | 7S-24 | 6 | virescent5; older leaves with white stripes | |||
| v16 | 8L-52 | 6 | virescent16; like v2; segr ms(8?) | |||
| vg1 | 1L-85 | 1 | vestigial glumes; Vg glumes short, no pollen | |||
| vp5 | 1S-1 | 3 | viviparous; white endosperm & seedling | |||
| w3 | 2L-111 | 1 | white endosperm and seedling, some vivipary | |||
| ws3 | 2S-0 | 5 | white sheath; whitened husks, culm | |||
| wx1 | 9S-56 | 6 | waxy endosperm; also pollen with amylopectin | |||
| y1 | 6L-17 | 6 | pale yellow endosperm; often white | |||
| yg2 | 9S-7 | 4 | yellow green2; seedling, plant yellow, dwarf | |||
| zn1 | 10L-29 | 5 | zebra necrotic; lvs. banded, necrotic tissue | |||
| Translocations and Cytoplasms: | ||||||
| T4-6b | 10 | |||||
| T4-10f | 10 | |||||
| T9-10a | 9 | |||||
| cms-C | female-transmitted, restored by Rf4 (and others) | |||||
| cms-T | female transmitted, restored by Rf1 Rf2 | |||||
| New Mutants under Study: | ||||||
| blo | 5 | blotched leaves, pale stripes; from Hawaiian Sugar | ||||
| bst | 3 | brown stripe; one of ys (yellow stripe) types? | ||||
| lfl | 4 | leaf-fleck; dominant; like les1, larger lesions (segr. opaque and pale yellow) | ||||
| si1 | 4 | Coop's "ms-si" male-sterile; silky ears | ||||
| sky | 3 | skinny plant; gross dwarf, like nl1 (narrow leaf) | ||||
| tlb | 5 | tip leaf burn; maybe like bu1 (leaf burn) | ||||
| zbc | 4 | zebra leaf (Caribbean Composite origin) | ||||
| zbr | 2 | red zebra; plants with reddish zebra-marked leaves | ||||
| "y8" | 4 | pale yellow endosperm, similar to y8 (7S-18), or y10; linked to o2 | ||||
| Multiple Genetic Marker Stocks | ||||||
| a Dt, A B Pl C R, A C R Pr, ae wx, wx bk2, br f, C sh bz wx, A et C R, la su, Og A B Pl, o2 y | ||||||
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